Help Haiti (People of the World)

Please note that at the very end of the video we, Free the Kids, are listed as a charity. Spread the word.

Update- Day 19

Glad to read that the UN and WFP are bringing in more food to be distributed to the women. Good decision! If women get the food, there's a better chance that it will find its way to the children. Am not happy that I don't hear about any food being targeted for the countryside. The authorities are asking people to leave PaP and even giving them free transportation to Les Cayes and other smaller cities but how are we to feed all these people?
I've mentioned before that Haiti was the poorest country in the western hemisphere before the earthquake struck. The folks down here are POOR. How are they supposed to assist their family members who have moved back home? The stupid decision to centralize everything in PaP is hurting us now. All supplies, except for some locally grown fruit and veggies, used to come in from PaP. All fuel, all clothing, all personal hygiene... absolutely everything came from PaP because the government wanted to control everything. The port is Les Cayes was never dredged nor was the Port in St Louis du Sud ever given permission to be built because the boys in charge wanted total control of imports. Look where that myopic thinking has left us? No use crying over spilled milk but do the foreign governments and international NGOs have to repeat the same mistake? The only relief coming in to the south is via privately owned planes from Nassau, Bahamas (thanks to the Methodists and the Rotary Club) and southern Florida. Where are the tons of food, the medicine, the fuel, clothing... that I've read about? Maybe they are on their way now as I write this. I hope so.
(By the way, these questions are rhetorical on the most part. I am venting!)

Masked translators

The two translators are Biondy and Judex. So Arnie gets half an ESPWA water bottle!

Prison

Four hundred and fifty plastic lunch boxes getting filled with prepared and tasty food destined for the incarcerated in the local prison. Bottom photo: Dino looking a bit exhausted after cooking the food and now helping to distribute it.
The prisoners were allowed to leave their cells today for the first time since the riot so they could bathe. Most do not have soap or other personal hygiene items but they were very happy to get out and stretch. Repairs are being done to the damaged cells and as they are certified "secure" prisoners are placed in them alleviating the super-crowded conditions. Lord, help them.

Volunteer translators

Two of our boys helped out in the operating room today at the General Hospital. Can you guess who they are? The first to guess correctly will get a free ESPWA water bottle? Course you'll have to pick it up here!! Former or current Espwa volunteers not eligible. That means you, Paige and Amanda.

Update Day 17B

Our medical team had a busy day today. The ortho folks worked on 16 badly injured patients, Dokte Cynthia helped out in pediatrics again and transported a 76 y/o lady with a broken pelvis to Hopital Brenda where a Brazilian medical team was waiting. Linda and Dokte C. met an airplane that flew in from CA with meds, supplies and food. A friend, John Dunkle, came in today and brought some walkie-talkies (thank you, John) and some some very much appreciated cash. The bank says that transfers should be able to get through tomorrow. That would be WONDERFUL!
We continue to feed the prisoners and I have to thank Dino for all his hard work in preparing the food and the young community guys for distributing it to the 450 inmates. The prison now has a supply of food but no way to prepare it so we will be repairing their kitchen facility in the next day or two.
The local Social Welfare folks have asked us to take in two more boys who have come in from PaP so you'll be seeing their mugs here soon.
People often ask what is needed and my list contains stuff that you can easily imagine like food, medicine, fuel, clothing, shoes, towels, sheets, mattresses... but there's one thing I wish we had and that is a portable x-ray machine. There are two antiquated machines here in Cayes and it is a wonder the docs can read the results. I dream of a new machine that does not require messy developing fluid but is connected to a laptop. X-rays could be read by specialists anywhere there is internet. It is too late to get one now for this current crisis but what a boon this would be for better medical care here in the future.
That's it for now. A demain.

Rebecca Noel

Meet newly arrived Rebecca Noel. She's seven and comes from Port-au-Prince. Her mother was badly hurt in the earthquake and the father has not been found. Rebecca will be us while her mother recuperates near Camp-Perrin. Rebecca is quiet but friendly and has hit it off with our girls.

Update- Day 17

The head of the Ministry of Health for the southern Department announced yesterday that the medical crisis is over much to the surprise of many surgeons and doctors here. He said that the need right now is for appropriate medicines and medical supplies. An example of the supplies needed is the hardware (the screws and plates) required to fix bad breaks in arms, legs, hips... There may be some in PaP but we don't have any here. If all works out well our friend, Doug Dittrick, from Ridgewood, NJ will fly down those badly needed supplies in his plane. It is precisely this type of activity that has saved so many Haitians and given them a chance at recovery. I am amazed at the generosity of the Americans, Canadians, Europeans, Asians... governments and individuals who have responded from the heart in this time of dire need. May God bless Doug, our medical team and the many, many people who give us so much hope for a better tomorrow for all Haitians.

Marc

Here are two photos of eight year old Marc. One is before treatment and the other after. He's not an earthquake casualty. Marc was hit by a small truck yesterday in town and ended up with a bad fracture that broke through the skin. He was cared for by our team.

Dr. Cynthia

While the ortho team worked in the operating room, Doc Cynthia was lending a hand in pediatrics. Here she is with a 21 day old twin who weighs half what the healthy one weighs. The twins were born in PaP and this one got sick a few days later. She has already started to respond to treatment.

Carmelle

Remember the photo of the wounded foot yesterday? Well, it belongs to Carmelle, Francois' younger sister. Our docs were able to look her over this morning and she will be fine. They took the opportunity to teach Linda how to remove sutures.
Carmelle was the housekeeper for a large family in Pap when the earthquake struck. Only she survived and was buried for 24 hours before she was rescued. It is a miracle that not one bone was broken as a ton of cement blocks fell on her.

Food for orphans

A truckload of food was delivered for the 3C Project which is destined for orphanages in the south. There was prepared and fortified food from Feed My Starving Children, dried fish, corn meal, vegetable oil, canned goods. This is a godsend for the small orphanages on the southern coast. We store it and distribute it for 3C.

While the doctor's away

This young woman was brought to our clinic this morning. She was buried in the rubble of a friend's home in Port-au_Prince and hurt her foot. All she was given is pain medication. She made her way home which is near here and now needs to have that foot treated. Told her to either wait or come back later this afternoon when the docs will be here. As she had not eaten, we gave her some breakfast.

Bottom photo: Our Dokte Cynthia and her team as they head out to the General Hospital this morning. The team includes two orthopedic surgeons (badly needed right now-- Hector and Steve), one anesthesiologist (Ron), one operating room nurse (Mona) and one orthopedic practitioner (Karmen). May God bless them for responding to the critical need of the badly hurt Haitians.

Medical teams arrives

Our Doctor Cynthia and her medical team arrived from Nassau this afternoon. We went directly to Hopital Brenda and met with Dr. Robert Leger, a key player. We then went to the General Hospital and met with the Departmental Director of Health, Dr. Louissaint. Our team will be relieving the surgeons at the General starting tomorrow at 8:00 AM.
Dokte Cynthia was also able to bring us a stash of cash which was much needed. It is great to have the medical team with us. They'll be able to provide care for the victims of the earthquake and see our kids, too.

Second Phase

Lousy internet connection kept me off the blog yesterday evening. It was two weeks ago yesterday that Haiti suffered a major, devastating earthquake. Response by the international community was immediate and massive.
The dust is settling and the second phase of the assistance is well underway. Taking care of the hurt and displaced survivors is the priority now. We have been working with the United Nations and other non-profits to feed, clothe and provide shelter to the thousands of Haitians who have left PaP. It is a daunting task.
The impact of hundreds of thousands of Haitians migrating home is being felt. Families are straining to welcome and assist their relatives. It is too much for many of them so they are seeking help. We are seeing a huge increase in requests for assistance from families who live near us so it is safe to assume this is the reality all over Haiti. A friend of ours who was providing for three children now has a house filled with 22. How to care for them?
The local authorities are doing what they can. Most of it financed by non-profits. It is encouraging to hear of all the fund-raising activities in the states as we all know this is going to be expensive. I just hope that the monies generated end up where they can do the most good. The biggest need right now is food. Because of shortages, prices have escalated and are beyond the means of most Haitians.
Our Doctor Cynthia DeSoi will be flying in this afternoon. She is bringing a medical team with her and they'll be busy.
I've noticed that the headlines only occasionally mention Haiti now. Journalists are heading home to cover other stories. To be expected, I guess. We pray that you will remember us as we provide for our sister and brother Haitians. May God bless our efforts.

Dieuline Louis-Joseph

This is eight year old Dieuline who was spared in the earthquake that brought Haiti to her knees two weeks ago. Dieuline's mother had a concussion and might require surgery so we are caring for Dieuline. She was hungry so I gave her a glass of milk and a sandwich (not very Haitian of me but she did not seem to mind).

Status report

More and more Haitians from PaP are arriving all the time. Trucks, buses, tap-taps, even motorcycles bring them here. The vast majority keep going, heading to family in the countryside. The problem is that most families are already poor and can't make ends meet. We have already started seeing the effects of strained families here in our area. Folks are begging us for food and we are doing what we can.
Those who have no family end up staying in a tent city. It is shelter and there's food distributed there but the despair that I've witnessed is pervasive. The Haitians here are doing what they can to help their sisters and brothers in their hour of need. There are always a few who try to profit from the occasion but they are exceptional, thank goodness.
I've been speaking to the mayor and some other officials about building a permanent town for these displaced people. They are too busy with the current problems to listen but we'll keep trying. The big NGOs have received a lot of money and I'm hoping to see some of it used in this area for a sustainable village. The Haitians have a saying: Pa bliye nou. Translation: Don't forget us. Help us keep their stories alive and be with them as they rebuild lives for themselves in the years to come.

We continue to assist our sisters and brothers in prison. The young man in the center of the prison cell photo is one of our former residents. It is heartbreaking to see him there. They are still under lock and key all day long. It is way beyond comprehension. Repairs are being made to the rest of the prison so that the incarcerated can at least get out to take a bucket shower. They have not received medical attention since the lock-down; gunshot wounds have not been treated; they have no personal hygiene stuff. Words cannot describe this situation.
In the bottom photo are our guys prepping the food for distribution and, yes, that's our very pregnant Nancy standing on the left.

Needs a pin

This young man, forget his name, came to our little clinic looking for help. His arm was badly broken during the earthquake. After two days, he was seen by a physician and a cast was put on his arm. The doc told him he should have a pin put into his arm as it is so badly broken but there were no pins available. He'll be back when our Doctor Cynthia is here with orthopedic friends.

New residents

Lebert, 14 years old, and Kervin, 13 have joined the Espwa family. Lebert was at school when the earthquake happened. He was buried and finally rescued but when he went home he found it destroyed. He searched and searched but found no one. He was put on a bus for Les Cayes. Kervins was a restavek in Port Salut. His single mom could not care for him and work in PaP at the same time so she placed him with a family in Port Salut. Kervin says he was abused in every way as a restavek and ran away when the earthquake struck. He was not able to reach PaP and wonders if his mom is alive. Is someone making a list of survivors so that loved ones can find them?

Tent City

This couple is expecting their first child in three months. She lost her whole family during the earthquake and he says he has no relatives to help him out. They lost everything they had 13 days ago and have no idea what to do, where to go or who will help them.

Day 13

Jean in the top photo broke his leg in PaP when a wall fell on him. No cast, yet. His back is very sore and he has much trouble walking. He's been vomiting blood. Johnnie in the other photo was pushed onto a rebar sticking out of a structure which punctured his side. Both have had only superficial treatment and are living in Tent City here in town.

US Navy

My heart lept for joy when I saw the amphibious plane in the bay. I was a Navy chaplain years ago. Don't know why they were here but it is good to know that we are on their map. The locals were more than intrigued by the Navy's presence.

Sunday: Day 12

Sorry about the delay in getting back to you all. Internet was very slow this morning so I decided to wait on the posting.
EdH (Electricite d'Haiti) came on around noon which means that it must have received a tanker of diesel fuel this morning. There's less congestion at the filling stations and we were able to get a 55 gallon drum of diesel. Still no propane nor has any food come in from anywhere.
Using our cell phones is an exercise in patience as circuits are always busy. Can't reach our driver who was in Port-au-Prince this morning to find out when to expect the displaced orphans. We have done all the prepping we can for their welcome. There are no mattresses available in town so we have ordered straw mats to be made while we await a humanitarian shipment.
Lots of people roaming the streets in town and sleeping outdoors in the streets, alleyways, lawns. Some are locals who are afraid to sleep indoors now but most are displaced refugees from PaP.
Joey Lamarre is feeling much better and spent the last three days working at the hospital, assisting in any way possible. He is gone to PaP to meet with the university's president, some doctors from NJ and a reporter from CNN. As president of his class and because Joey gets by pretty well in English, the university president begged him to be at the meeting this afternoon.
Still feeding the prisoners and they are still being confined all day long. It is beyond pathetic. One young man passed out yesterday and started shaking like he had a seizure but the guards would not open the door. We gave him water and he calmed down after about ten minutes.
That's it for now. God bless you.

FRUSTRATION

The word for today is FRUSTRATION. Very poor communication as the cell phone company is swamped with calls and their circuits are overloaded. Can't reach Berthony. Can't reach our driver. We have US cash but can't exchange it for gourdes at this time. GRRRRR!
Fed more prisoners today. Seems like we are the only human touch in their lives at the moment. They are still locked up 24 hours a day. Absolutely no privacy. I'd be bonkers by now and can certainly relate to their frustration (there's that word, again).
Guess what? We had two working vehicles and one broke down yesterday afternoon. Remember the Janis Joplin song "O Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz"? Well, I was singing it all morning. Frustra... you know what I mean?
The pick up and delivery of the children from Leogane had to be postponed until tomorrow because our driver did not have the cash he needed until late this morning. The acting director and staff of the orphanage all want to come with the children but we can't guarantee them all jobs. Some grew up in the orphanage so this is really traumatic for them. We are sensitive to their needs and they could probably use counseling but where to find qualified counselors who speak Kreyole? Frustrating, non?
As always, we are very grateful for your support. Keep us in your prayers.

Saturday morning

Thank you for your supportive comments. To Barb: Michelet is fine and working in masonry to repair the damaged classroom of our primary school.

Thanks to our friends at Cross International who have an office in PaP, fuel was found for our truck there. We have general directions to the orphanage near Leogane that was destroyed by the earthquake. Over a hundred children will be picked up today and brought here. The older boys who were living at LaMadonne in town are moving out here today to make room for them. They have been through enough trauma without adding more. Wish the cell phone was working better. Nine out of ten calls don't make it through. Will keep you posted on news of these children as things develop.

The banks are open this morning and the lines are incredibly long. With little cash reserve, folks won't be able to cash checks or withdraw much cash and tempers will flare.
More fuel has come into town though getting it into our vehicles is a real challenge as everyone is now into hoarding.

It is crowded in town but I have to admire the Haitians here who are making every space available for the refugees. Most of the displaced Haitians are trying to get to their home villages. The housing, food and fuel shortages we have here will follow them wherever they go. We are being bombarded by requests for employment. It will be easier now to find qualified administrators as they tended to be concentrated in PaP.

OK, enough rambling. Gotta get back to the front. Prayers, please.

Light at the end of the tunnel

Can't say that things are much better but there are signs that the situation in improving. Some fuel made it to town so that scenario has been somewhat alleviated. The bank was open for two hours today but they have no cash reserves. We received cash via a courier and that has relieved a lot of pressure on me and my staff. The medicine is still lacking, the infrastructure is still non-responsive as assistance trickles in. My staff and I are starting to feel the exhaustion that this crisis has brought about. Sleeplessness, loss of appetite, headaches are signs of getting burnt out so I've asked that our people take some time for themselves. What good are we if we can't stay awake or be compassionate when the need arises?
Am tired, too tired to write so we'll see you here tomorrow.

Prison

We will be assisting the local prison in providing food until their supplies can be restocked. USAID and Cross International are subsidizing this effort by redirecting packaged food meant for a meal program destined for out-lying schools. The food is prepared in our antiquated kitchen at Castel-Pere and delivered to the prison where some of our staff and older boys distribute the meals. The conditions in the prison are horrendous. The cells are holding 50 to 75 people when they were designed for eight or, at most, twelve people. There are too many people to allow everyone to sleep at the same time. The walls and roof are being repaired but will take time so the prisoners suffer. I have more photos but decided to only post one as to do more smacks of voyeurism or trying to capitalize on the backs of our unfortunate brothers. Please keep these people in your prayers. The guards, too, need your prayers. They are as much in shock and disbelief as the incarcerated.

Anxiety, fear and outrage

The frustration, tension, fear and outrage are all evident in the faces of the people we see in town and here in the village. Hope has taken a back seat as tremors continue to remind everyone how very fragile life is and how helpless we are. Lack of fuel and shortage of food are causing massive price hikes when most people have nothing or very little. There's a feeling of panic in the air. Some missionaries and political figures are fanning the flame of this crushing fear pushing their agendas on a very susceptible population. While it is true that medicine, food and fuel are urgently needed, the people need to have hope. We at Pwoje Espwa Sud stand on twelve years of walking with the people, of singing and dancing with them, of crying for losses and rejoicing at successes. Though we are capable of temporary assistance (charity) as we are doing now at the prison, we are committed to being with the people for the long haul.
In a meeting this morning with key staff we discussed how best to welcome the 100 or so orphans coming to us from Leogane. We all agreed that the most important thing we have to offer the children is faithful caring. To do this, we need your invaluable spiritual and financial support. Thank you to all who have prayed and donated to help us in our work. I promise you our daily prayers of gratitude.

Preparations

Transportation is being worked on to bring over a hundred orphans from Leogane (the epicenter of the quake) to join us here. They will need everything: food, clothing, shoes, towels, sheets, mattresses, beds, medical attention, personal hygiene stuff... your continued support is critical for us to assist them in their time of need.
In the long term, we will need to construct decent housing for them but one thing at a time. God, give us strength!

Casket

This is a photo of RoseMarthe's sister's casket taken at the funeral. Unlike tens of thousands of others who are buried in mass graves just outside PaP, RoseMarthe's sister is buried in the family plot in her hometown.

More earthquake victims

The top photo is of a lady who was buried for two days in the rubble after the earthquake. She was found and dug out, brought to a hospital in PaP but never got to see a doctor. Friends found a way to bring her to Cayes so she is receiving treatment for a crushed foot. She's praying that it is not amputated.
Watson, sitting up, is one of our graduates and was in PaP when the disaster struck. His left leg was broken and he is grateful to be home.
The lady in the bottom photo does not recall what happened to her or how she got to Cayes. Her left leg is badly damaged but she saw an American orthopedic surgeon and hopes for the best.
The beds do not have time to cool off. Once a patient is stabilized, he is transferred to tent city and someone else takes his place.

Other victims

This prisoner was witness to the prison riot and saw some friends get killed (per others incarcerated). He's probably suffering from Post Traumatic Stress. He is not responsive (like a coma) though his vital signs appear normal. So many people could use psychological help here but that isn't a priority nor have I even heard it mentioned.

Pride

I am very proud of our older boys who have stepped up to the plate in helping supervise and create activities for the little boys and girls during this crisis. Here are Faubert (R) and Joanel (L) taking out a bunch for a tour of the area.

Meet Stanley

This is four year old Stanley. His father was killed in the earthquake and his mother is recuperating from surgery at the General Hospital so he'll be staying with us temporarily. He is amazingly alert and cheerful. Thank you for supporting us so that we can provide for him and his mother.

Prison

Top photo of a jammed cell. Nathalie and Kesnel Jeudi (who should have been released from prison in two months) prepare the plastic boxes for distribution.

Several of the lesser hurt prisoners who need medical attention. There are 60 to 75 prisoners in each cell which is absolutely inhumane. They have a bucket for a toilet and no running water and have not been out of their cells since yesterday. Needless to say, the place smells pretty bad.

If you look carefully at the gentleman's back (center) you'll see the damage done by a shotgun. The man claims that he was in his cell when the guard stuck the shotgun through the bars and pulled the trigger. There are pellets or grains still in the man's back so we are working on getting a doctor out to the prison tomorrow. Another prisoner was shot by a small caliber handgun and the bullet entered his left upper chest. He's in much pain so the doc will be busy.

In the bottom photo you see the pots of nutritious IFRP (International Food Resource Program) lentil soup mix subsidized by Cross International and USAID. We prepared it at Castel-Pere, transferred the food into coolers for the trip to town and began distributing the food into plastic containers for each prisoner. Thought we had enough for 450 prisoners but were only able to feed 350. We'll do better tomorrow.

Riot in prison

Heard about the riot in prison and the loss of life so I went over there. Good Lord! Two-thirds of the prison is destroyed. There are holes in the walls to the exterior and holes in the roof that the prisoners used to escape. The prisoners overtook the guards and beat them up but could not get out the main entrance. They set fire to the archives and burned anything they could. The prison staff were not ready for this and several ending up shooting prisoners whom they have come to know over a long period of time.
Immediate needs: food, clothing, first aid medical attention, personal hygiene items. The remaining prisoners are all inhumanely shut up in four cells. It is deplorable! We will be preparing food for them here at Castel-Pere and delivering it to them as soon as we can. Don't know how long we can keep this up. Please pray for the prisoners, the guards and us.

Congestion

As you can see in the above photos, there are tons of people in town. Lots of hustle and bustle. People are arriving from PaP and many are trying to get out to the provinces where they have family.
The funeral Mass for RoseMarthe's sister is going on now in Camp-Perrin and will be attended by about twenty of our older boys and some staff. Berthony Constant (her cousin) and Matante will represent me.
Some gas and some medicine have come into town which has alleviated the crisis a bit. Much more is needed so we are hoping that what we read on the net about supplying the countryside will happen.
The plan for us to provide food for Bonne Fin Hospital was changed. CRS will do this as they provide all the essentials like oil, spices and either rice, millet or wheat. We will provide for the General Hospital in town and help out in the new tent city which is now located in Cavaillon, about twenty minutes east of Les Cayes.
Things are less chaotic today. Let's hope they stay that way.

Clarification

Someone commented on a previous post about our not being able to access the money in our bank account. Money that is donated to us via website or snail mail is deposited in our Bank of America account. No problem there. Normally, when we need funds, an electronic transfer takes place into our account in a local bank. That's the account that is not accessible at this time. In all the years that I've been here, this is the first time that the bank has failed us. The manager of the local branch told us this morning that he hopes to see the bank reopened by Wednesday. Other options are things like Western Union (there are four similar services here) or using a courier. So, making a donation is safe and does get to us. This is going to take a long time. There are immediate needs like the ones I'm talking about here and there are long-term needs which will incorporate new, safe housing and rebuilding the country's infrastructure which for all practical purposes is gone. This is a massive undertaking which I hope will be supported by all the countries and people already involved.
I was speaking to a Haitian-American today who spent his whole professional life in the states. In reflecting on recent events, he said that Haiti is no longer chained to its old history, it has broken free. He added that we owe it to the fallen and to the children to build a new and better society. Don't you agree?

Bernadelle Morin

Bernadelle Morin just came by to see me. One of his brothers was hurt in PaP and was transported back here. He needs surgery on his knee but he could not find any diesel to drive him to Bonne Fin in a borrowed tap-tap. Gave him some from my reserve supply. He was pleased that Dr. Cynthia had thought of him and asked that people donate prosthetic limbs for all the amputees. This is his work and, I can assure you, he will be busy for quite some time.

Update: Day 6

The Ministry of Education (what is left of it) has declared that all schools will remain closed until further notice. No fuel or other commodities have found their way here. MINUSTAH Coordinator DaSilva said that the authorities are aware of the need and that something is being done. There's no more medicine in town and the great need is for pain-killers and anesthesia. EdH went off this morning and there's been no word if it will go back on-- that's electricity.
Prices are skyrocketing for everything. X-rays cost us 1,000 Gourdes last week. This week they are 2,200 Gourdes. In US dollars, that's $25 to $55 in three days. We have no cash and the money we have at the bank in inaccessible. Food is getting rarer and more expensive. Thank goodness we have good credit so we could purchase rice, beans, oil... at our regular food distributor. We now have enough for a week.
We were asked at the Coordinating meeting to feed the patients of Bonne Fin, a Baptist Hospital about 30 minutes from town on the way to PaP, near Cavaillon. There are 300 patients with family members there. Nathalie, Berthony and assistants will be going there tomorrow to teach the cooks how to prepare the IFRP food packets. There are widespread rumors about riots as people are getting fed up with being gouged by profiteers and the lack of response by the local authorities.
Things will get ugly unless supplies start coming in from PaP. We appreciate the work you are all doing to benefit the Haitians in their time of need. Don't forget to pray.

TiOurs

TiOurs, little bear, is fascinated by the tree-cutting.

Medical support

Walkers and crutches

Alcohol and other meds

As the medical supplies for the refugees are depleted we are scouring our containers for anything they could use.

Thinking ahead

We have a couple of dead trees on the property so we decided to cut them down and make some charcoal out of them. With the lack of fuel (including propane) we'll have need of charcoal.